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THE MOUNTAINS OF CULM AT SHAMOKIN

THE MOUNTAINS OF CULM AT SHAMOKIN Pennsylvania from the Article October 1896 Coal refuse (also described as coal waste, rock, slag, coal tailings, waste material, rock bank, culm, boney, or gob) is the material left over from coal mining, usually as tailings piles or spoil tips. For every tonne of hard coal generated by mining, 400 kilograms of waste material remains, which includes some lost coal. Piles of coal refuse can have significant negative environmental consequences, including the leaching of iron, manganese, and aluminum residues into waterways and acid mine drainage. The runoff can create both surface and groundwater contamination. The piles also create a fire hazard, with the potential to spontaneously ignite.

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Image Size: 4850x3055 / 6.6MB; Mound Coal refuse waste mine mining mines rock slag tailings material rock bank culm boney gob pile hill mount spoil tips Spoil tip negative environment environmental Issue issues contamination contaminated colliery miner miners Engineering INDUSTRIAL technology technological Management industry resource resources Factory 19th century Nineteenth Century history historic historical economics economic economical the past Industrial Revolution psi idr
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THE MOUNTAINS OF CULM AT SHAMOKIN Pennsylvania from the Article October 1896 Coal refuse (also described as coal waste, rock, slag, coal tailings, waste material, rock bank, culm, boney, or gob) is the material left over from coal mining, usually as tailings piles or spoil tips. For every tonne of hard coal generated by mining, 400 kilograms of waste material remains, which includes some lost coal. Piles of coal refuse can have significant negative environmental consequences, including the leaching of iron, manganese, and aluminum residues into waterways and acid mine drainage. The runoff can create both surface and groundwater contamination. The piles also create a fire hazard, with the potential to spontaneously ignite.