Qumran archeological site on the shore of the Dead Sea, in the West Bank, Israel Qumran was inhabited by a Jewish sect of the late Second Temple period, which most scholars identify with the Essenes; It was later used by Jewish rebels during the Bar Kokhba revolt. Today, the Qumran site is best known as the settlement nearest to the Qumran Caves where the Dead Sea Scrolls were hidden, caves in the sheer desert cliffs and beneath, in the marl terrace. The principal excavations at Qumran were conducted by Roland de Vaux in the 1950s, and several later digs have been carried out.
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