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  • The early History of Spiritualism The Brothers Ira and William Davenport [Left] Charles Foster and Spirit (Photograph) [Right] The Three Fox Sisters the first exponents of 'Table-tapping' [Bottom] from An encyclopaedia of occultism : a compendium of information on the occult sciences, occult personalities, psychic science, magic, demonology, spiritism and mysticism by Lewis Spence, Published in London by George Routledge & sons, ltd. in 1920
    IR_f_Occult_0453.jpg
  • Man in his Lapsed and Primeval state, as invested with power by his Creator to rule and govern gross elements from An encyclopaedia of occultism : a compendium of information on the occult sciences, occult personalities, psychic science, magic, demonology, spiritism and mysticism by Lewis Spence, Published in London by George Routledge & sons, ltd. in 1920
    IR_f_Occult_0341.jpg
  • Gnostic Gems. Talismans, Magical Charms and invocations of the Gnostic sect. It shows Abraxas the chief deity in his manifestations from An encyclopaedia of occultism : a compendium of information on the occult sciences, occult personalities, psychic science, magic, demonology, spiritism and mysticism by Lewis Spence, Published in London by George Routledge & sons, ltd. in 1920
    IR_f_Occult_0225.jpg
  • Mediaeval conception of Demons from An encyclopaedia of occultism : a compendium of information on the occult sciences, occult personalities, psychic science, magic, demonology, spiritism and mysticism by Lewis Spence, Published in London by George Routledge & sons, ltd. in 1920
    IR_f_Occult_0151.jpg
  • Count Cagliostro [Left] Emmanuel Swedenborg (Emanuel Swedenborg) [Right] Count Alessandro di Cagliostro (2 June 1743 – 26 August 1795) was the alias of the occultist Giuseppe Balsamo in French usually referred to as Joseph Balsamo. Emanuel Swedenborg (born Emanuel Swedberg; 8 February 1688 – 29 March 1772) was a Swedish pluralistic-Christian theologian, scientist, philosopher and mystic. He became best known for his book on the afterlife, Heaven and Hell (1758). from An encyclopaedia of occultism : a compendium of information on the occult sciences, occult personalities, psychic science, magic, demonology, spiritism and mysticism by Lewis Spence, Published in London by George Routledge & sons, ltd. in 1920
    IR_f_Occult_0117.jpg
  • Astrological Charts and Allegories from An encyclopaedia of occultism : a compendium of information on the occult sciences, occult personalities, psychic science, magic, demonology, spiritism and mysticism by Lewis Spence, Published in London by George Routledge & sons, ltd. in 1920
    IR_f_Occult_0073.jpg
  • from An encyclopaedia of occultism : a compendium of information on the occult sciences, occult personalities, psychic science, magic, demonology, spiritism and mysticism by Lewis Spence, Published in London by George Routledge & sons, ltd. in 1920
    IR_f_Occult_0055.jpg
  • Benjamin Martin (baptized 1705; died 1782) was a lexicographer who compiled one of the early English dictionaries, the Lingua Britannica Reformata (1749). He also was a lecturer on science and maker of scientific instruments. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XIV;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1816
    IR_f_Londinensis_XIV_0503-color.jpg
  • Modern chemical apparatus for the study of chemistry  Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IV;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Encyclopaedia-londinensis-04_02...jpg
  • Bernard Palissy (c. 1510 – c. 1589) was a French Huguenot potter, hydraulics engineer and craftsman, Palissy is known for his contributions to the natural sciences, and is famous for discovering principles of geology, hydrology and fossil formation. As a Protestant, Palissy was imprisoned for his belief during the tumultuous French Wars of Religion and sentenced to death. He died of poor treatment in the Bastille in 1589. From the book La ciencia y sus hombres : vidas de los sabios ilustres desde la antigüedad hasta el siglo XIX T. 2  [Science and its men: lives of the illustrious sages from antiquity to the 19th century Vol 2] By by Figuier, Louis, (1819-1894); Casabó y Pagés, Pelegrín, n. 1831 Published in Barcelona by D. Jaime Seix, editor , 1879 (Imprenta de Baseda y Giró)
    IR_Men-of-Science-T2_0216.jpg
  • Eastern Europe, Hungary, Budapest, Hungarian Academy of sciences
    TJ_Hungary_Disk49_31.jpg
  • Old Maid Witch from An encyclopaedia of occultism : a compendium of information on the occult sciences, occult personalities, psychic science, magic, demonology, spiritism and mysticism by Lewis Spence, Published in London by George Routledge & sons, ltd. in 1920
    IR_f_Occult_0514.jpg
  • The Sabbath. St. James the Elder combating the diabolic enchantments of magicians composed by Brueghel the Elder engraved by Cook (16th Century)  from An encyclopaedia of occultism : a compendium of information on the occult sciences, occult personalities, psychic science, magic, demonology, spiritism and mysticism by Lewis Spence, Published in London by George Routledge & sons, ltd. in 1920
    IR_f_Occult_0513.jpg
  • Photographs of Spiritualistic Materializations from An encyclopaedia of occultism : a compendium of information on the occult sciences, occult personalities, psychic science, magic, demonology, spiritism and mysticism by Lewis Spence, Published in London by George Routledge & sons, ltd. in 1920
    IR_f_Occult_0454.jpg
  • Rosicrucianism from An encyclopaedia of occultism : a compendium of information on the occult sciences, occult personalities, psychic science, magic, demonology, spiritism and mysticism by Lewis Spence, Published in London by George Routledge & sons, ltd. in 1920
    IR_f_Occult_0405.jpg
  • Edward Kelly a Magician [Sir Edward Kelley or Kelly, also known as Edward Talbot (1 August 1555 – 1597/8), was an English Renaissance occultist and self-declared spirit medium. He is best known for working with John Dee in his magical investigations. Besides the professed ability to summon spirits or angels in a "shew-stone" or mirror, which John Dee so valued, Kelley also claimed to possess the secret of transmuting base metals into gold, the goal of alchemy, as well as the supposed philosopher's stone itself]. from An encyclopaedia of occultism : a compendium of information on the occult sciences, occult personalities, psychic science, magic, demonology, spiritism and mysticism by Lewis Spence, Published in London by George Routledge & sons, ltd. in 1920
    IR_f_Occult_0347.jpg
  • Initiate into the Eleusinian Mysteries from An encyclopaedia of occultism : a compendium of information on the occult sciences, occult personalities, psychic science, magic, demonology, spiritism and mysticism by Lewis Spence, Published in London by George Routledge & sons, ltd. in 1920
    IR_f_Occult_0336.jpg
  • Ancient Mysteries from An encyclopaedia of occultism : a compendium of information on the occult sciences, occult personalities, psychic science, magic, demonology, spiritism and mysticism by Lewis Spence, Published in London by George Routledge & sons, ltd. in 1920
    IR_f_Occult_0335.jpg
  • Magical Diagrams and Requisites from An encyclopaedia of occultism : a compendium of information on the occult sciences, occult personalities, psychic science, magic, demonology, spiritism and mysticism by Lewis Spence, Published in London by George Routledge & sons, ltd. in 1920
    IR_f_Occult_0315.jpg
  • Mythological Interchange of "Macrocosm" and "Microcosm" from An encyclopaedia of occultism : a compendium of information on the occult sciences, occult personalities, psychic science, magic, demonology, spiritism and mysticism by Lewis Spence, Published in London by George Routledge & sons, ltd. in 1920
    IR_f_Occult_0307.jpg
  • Kabalistic Diagrams and Symbols from An encyclopaedia of occultism : a compendium of information on the occult sciences, occult personalities, psychic science, magic, demonology, spiritism and mysticism by Lewis Spence, Published in London by George Routledge & sons, ltd. in 1920
    IR_f_Occult_0289.jpg
  • The Order of the Illuminati from An encyclopaedia of occultism : a compendium of information on the occult sciences, occult personalities, psychic science, magic, demonology, spiritism and mysticism by Lewis Spence, Published in London by George Routledge & sons, ltd. in 1920
    IR_f_Occult_0267.jpg
  • Seat of the Holy Grail at the Round Table from An encyclopaedia of occultism : a compendium of information on the occult sciences, occult personalities, psychic science, magic, demonology, spiritism and mysticism by Lewis Spence, Published in London by George Routledge & sons, ltd. in 1920
    IR_f_Occult_0231.jpg
  • Mystical diagram of Solomon's Temple, as prophesied by Ezekiel and planned in the building scheme of the Knights Templar from An encyclopaedia of occultism : a compendium of information on the occult sciences, occult personalities, psychic science, magic, demonology, spiritism and mysticism by Lewis Spence, Published in London by George Routledge & sons, ltd. in 1920
    IR_f_Occult_0211.jpg
  • Egypt Magical Pictures and objects from An encyclopaedia of occultism : a compendium of information on the occult sciences, occult personalities, psychic science, magic, demonology, spiritism and mysticism by Lewis Spence, Published in London by George Routledge & sons, ltd. in 1920
    IR_f_Occult_0173.jpg
  • Mediaeval conception of Demons from An encyclopaedia of occultism : a compendium of information on the occult sciences, occult personalities, psychic science, magic, demonology, spiritism and mysticism by Lewis Spence, Published in London by George Routledge & sons, ltd. in 1920
    IR_f_Occult_0159.jpg
  • The Reign of Antichrist [After an Engraving by Michael Volgemuth in the Liber Chronicorum 1493 (Cabinet of Engravings, Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris)] Michael Wolgemut (formerly spelt Wohlgemuth; 1434 – 30 November 1519) was a German painter and printmaker, who ran a workshop in Nuremberg from An encyclopaedia of occultism : a compendium of information on the occult sciences, occult personalities, psychic science, magic, demonology, spiritism and mysticism by Lewis Spence, Published in London by George Routledge & sons, ltd. in 1920
    IR_f_Occult_0047.jpg
  • Blaise Pascal (19 June 1623 – 19 August 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, writer and Catholic theologian. He was a child prodigy who was educated by his father, a tax collector in Rouen. Pascal's earliest mathematical work was on the conics sections; he wrote a significant treatise on the subject of projective geometry at the age of 16. He later corresponded with Pierre de Fermat on probability theory, strongly influencing the development of modern economics and social science. In 1642, while still a teenager, he started some pioneering work on calculating machines (called Pascal's calculators and later Pascalines), establishing him as one of the first two inventors of the mechanical calculator. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XVIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1821
    IR_f_Vol18_0810-wb.jpg
  • Blaise Pascal (19 June 1623 – 19 August 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, writer and Catholic theologian. He was a child prodigy who was educated by his father, a tax collector in Rouen. Pascal's earliest mathematical work was on the conics sections; he wrote a significant treatise on the subject of projective geometry at the age of 16. He later corresponded with Pierre de Fermat on probability theory, strongly influencing the development of modern economics and social science. In 1642, while still a teenager, he started some pioneering work on calculating machines (called Pascal's calculators and later Pascalines), establishing him as one of the first two inventors of the mechanical calculator. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XVIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1821
    IR_f_Vol18_0810.jpg
  • Benjamin Martin (baptized 1705; died 1782) was a lexicographer who compiled one of the early English dictionaries, the Lingua Britannica Reformata (1749). He also was a lecturer on science and maker of scientific instruments. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XIV;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1816
    IR_f_Londinensis_XIV_0503.jpg
  • Modern chemical apparatus for the study of chemistry  Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IV;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Encyclopaedia-londinensis-04_02...jpg
  • Modern chemical apparatus for the study of chemistry  Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IV;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Encyclopaedia-londinensis-04_02...jpg
  • Bernard Palissy (c. 1510 – c. 1589) was a French Huguenot potter, hydraulics engineer and craftsman, Palissy is known for his contributions to the natural sciences, and is famous for discovering principles of geology, hydrology and fossil formation. As a Protestant, Palissy was imprisoned for his belief during the tumultuous French Wars of Religion and sentenced to death. He died of poor treatment in the Bastille in 1589. From the book La ciencia y sus hombres : vidas de los sabios ilustres desde la antigüedad hasta el siglo XIX T. 2  [Science and its men: lives of the illustrious sages from antiquity to the 19th century Vol 2] By by Figuier, Louis, (1819-1894); Casabó y Pagés, Pelegrín, n. 1831 Published in Barcelona by D. Jaime Seix, editor , 1879 (Imprenta de Baseda y Giró)
    IR_Men-of-Science-T2_0191-crop.jpg
  • Bernard Palissy (c. 1510 – c. 1589) was a French Huguenot potter, hydraulics engineer and craftsman, Palissy is known for his contributions to the natural sciences, and is famous for discovering principles of geology, hydrology and fossil formation. As a Protestant, Palissy was imprisoned for his belief during the tumultuous French Wars of Religion and sentenced to death. He died of poor treatment in the Bastille in 1589. From the book La ciencia y sus hombres : vidas de los sabios ilustres desde la antigüedad hasta el siglo XIX T. 2  [Science and its men: lives of the illustrious sages from antiquity to the 19th century Vol 2] By by Figuier, Louis, (1819-1894); Casabó y Pagés, Pelegrín, n. 1831 Published in Barcelona by D. Jaime Seix, editor , 1879 (Imprenta de Baseda y Giró)
    IR_Men-of-Science-T2_0191.jpg
  • Kabalistic Diagrams and Symbols from An encyclopaedia of occultism : a compendium of information on the occult sciences, occult personalities, psychic science, magic, demonology, spiritism and mysticism by Lewis Spence, Published in London by George Routledge & sons, ltd. in 1920
    IR_f_Occult_0290.jpg
  • Jean Leopold Nicolas Frederic, Baron Cuvier [Cubier] (23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist, Cuvier was a major figure in natural sciences research in the early 19th century and was instrumental in establishing the fields of comparative anatomy and paleontology through his work in comparing living animals with fossils. He is also known for his ideas about the supposed scientific differences between races and for his abuse of Sarah Baartman as part of this 'work'. From the book La ciencia y sus hombres : vidas de los sabios ilustres desde la antigüedad hasta el siglo XIX T. 3  [Science and its men: lives of the illustrious sages from antiquity to the 19th century Vol 3] By by Figuier, Louis, (1819-1894); Casabó y Pagés, Pelegrín, n. 1831 Published in Barcelona by D. Jaime Seix, editor , 1879 (Imprenta de Baseda y Giró)
    IR_Men-of-Science-T3_0386-1.jpg
  • Gryllus is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is Gryllus campestris: the European field cricket. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1811
    IR_Vol09_0071.jpg
  • Louis XV of France Louis XV (15 February 1710 – 10 May 1774), known as Louis the Beloved (French: le Bien-Aimé),[1] was King of France from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774. He succeeded his great-grandfather Louis XIV at the age of five. Until he reached maturity (then defined as his 13th birthday) on 15 February 1723, the kingdom was ruled by Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, as Regent of France. Cardinal Fleury was chief minister from 1726 until his death in 1743, at which time the king took sole control of the kingdom. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume VII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_Vol07_0897.jpg
  • Fortifications design and implementation Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume VII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_Vol07_0705.jpg
  • Mechanism of the Horse's Foot Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume VII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_Vol07_0313.jpg
  • Leonhard Euler [here as Leonard Euler] (15 April 1707 – 18 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, geographer, logician and engineer who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics, such as infinitesimal calculus and graph theory, while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function.[4] He is also known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy and music theory.  Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume VII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_Vol07_0081.jpg
  • Cyprinus 1. Telescope Carp 2. Sickle-finned Carp Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume V;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_Vol05_0650.jpg
  • Cyprinus King of the Carps Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume V;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_Vol05_0637.jpg
  • Cucujus (beetles in the family Cucujidae), Culex (genus of mosquitoes), Curculio (weevils), Cyclidium and Cynips (gall wasps) Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume V;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_Vol05_0583.jpg
  • Splendid Crow  Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume V;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_Vol05_0304.jpg
  • Description of the Frontispiece Illustrating Botany. The Goddess Flora, And Her Husband Zephyrus, Adorned With Their Appropriate Emblems, Are Employed In Examining With Great Care And Attention The Stamina And Pistillum [Pistil] Of The Night-Blowing Ceruse; The Beauties And Properties Of Which They Are Explaining To Their  Daughter, Carpo, Who, Seated At Their Side, Is Listening To Them With Extreme Pleasure And Profound Silence. Various Flowers and Fruits Lie Scattered Around Them; And In The Background Is A Temple Or Conservatory Sacred To Zephyrus, Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume III;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Vol03_0008-Colorized.JPG
  • Design for a Norman Gothic Entablature Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume II;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Vol02_0127.JPG
  • Cancroma The Boatbill The boat-billed heron (Cochlearius cochlearius syn Cancroma cochlearia) Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume III;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_Vol03_0837.jpg
  • Theory of Navigable canals Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume III;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_Vol03_0821.jpg
  • Various bows and types of arrows Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume II;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Vol02_0073.jpg
  • Barbados Aloe. Aloe (also written Aloë), is a genus containing over 550 species of flowering succulent plants. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume I;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Vol01_0411.jpg
  • Sciaena Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1827
    IR_f_Vol22_0891.jpg
  • Safety Lamps A safety lamp is any of several types of lamp that provides illumination in coal mines and is designed to operate in air that may contain coal dust or gases, both of which are potentially flammable or explosive. Until the development of effective electric lamps in the early 1900s miners used flame lamps to provide illumination. Open flame lamps could ignite flammable gases which collected in mines, causing explosions and so safety lamps were developed to enclose the flame and prevent it from igniting the surrounding atmosphere. Flame safety lamps have been replaced in mining with sealed explosion-proof electric lights. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XXII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1827
    IR_f_Vol22_0613.jpg
  • Plumeria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae. Most species are deciduous shrubs or small trees. The species variously are endemic to Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, and as far south as Brazil and north as Florida, but are grown as cosmopolitan ornamentals in warm regions Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1825
    IR_f_Vol20_0840.jpg
  • Conchology The collection and study of mollusc shells hand coloured Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume V;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Londinensis_V_0017.jpg
  • External Signs of the Passions; from Le Brun 16 facial expressions expressing various emotions. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XVIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1821
    IR_f_Vol18_0847.jpg
  • kaleidoscope. Principals and construction Optics and Optical theory Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XVII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1820
    IR_f_Vol17_0727.jpg
  • Crested Flycatcher and Nest Muscicapa is a genus of passerine birds belonging to the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae, and therein to the typical flycatchers of subfamily Muscicapinae. They are widespread across Europe, Africa and Asia with most species occurring in forest and woodland habitats. Several species are migratory, moving south from Europe and northern Asia for the winter Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XVI;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1819
    IR_f_Vol16_0307.jpg
  • Various eels in the Muraena genus that contains twelve species of large eels in the family Muraenidae, common in the Mediterranean Sea. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XVI;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1819
    IR_f_Vol16_0239.jpg
  • Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XIV;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1816
    IR_f_Londinensis_XIV_0949-wb.jpg
  • Martial [Marcus Valerius Martialis] was a Roman poet from Hispania (modern Spain) best known for his twelve books of Epigrams, published in Rome between AD 86 and 103, during the reigns of the emperors Domitian, Nerva and Trajan. In these short, witty poems he cheerfully satirises city life and the scandalous activities of his acquaintances, and romanticises his provincial upbringing. He wrote a total of 1,561 epigrams, of which 1,235 are in elegiac couplets. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XIV;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1816
    IR_f_Londinensis_XIV_0495.jpg
  • Manis is a genus of South Asian and East Asian pangolins sometimes known as scaly anteaters. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XIV;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1816
    IR_f_Londinensis_XIV_0330.jpg
  • Jatropha - Cassava or tapioca plant (Manihot esculenta) Jatropha Manihot or Eatable rooted Physic nut Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume X;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1811
    IR_f_Londinensis_X_0851.jpg
  • Statue of Peter the Great, Petersburgh [Saint Petersburg, Russia] Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XIX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1823
    IR_f_Londinensis_XIX_0866.jpg
  • Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume XIX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1823
    IR_f_Londinensis_XIX_0543.jpg
  • Western crowned pigeon (Goura cristata) [Great crowned Indian pigeon (Columba coronata)] AKA Common crowned pigeon or blue crowned pigeon, Handcolored copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IV;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Encyclopaedia-londinensis-04_09...jpg
  • Coluber The Berus or viper of Europe and the Viper of Rhedi Handcolored copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IV;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Encyclopaedia-londinensis-04_09...jpg
  • 19th century illustration of Centriscus and Cepola fish. Handcolored copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IV;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810
    IR_f_Encyclopaedia-londinensis-04_00...jpg
  • Eastern and Western Hemisphere Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume VIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810.
    IR_Vol08_0497-1-wb.jpg
  • The world on Mercator Projection Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume VIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810.
    IR_Vol08_0489-wb.jpg
  • 1. Armillary Sphere; 2. Terrestrial Globe; 3. Celestial Globe; Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume VIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810.
    IR_Vol08_0409-wb.jpg
  • Target-Leaved Hibiscus or Musk Mallow (Hibiscus Abelmoschus) Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1811
    IR_Vol09_1135.jpg
  • Machine colourised Target-Leaved Hibiscus or Musk Mallow (Hibiscus Abelmoschus) Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1811
    IR_Vol09_1135-color.jpg
  • Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1811
    IR_Vol09_0399.jpg
  • Helminthology - Study of parasite worms Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1811
    IR_Vol09_0395.jpg
  • Helminthology - Study of parasite worms Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1811
    IR_Vol09_0389.jpg
  • Mechanical Hammer Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1811
    IR_Vol09_0234.jpg
  • Sir Matthew Hale SL (1 November 1609 – 25 December 1676) was an influential English barrister, judge and jurist most noted for his treatise Historia Placitorum Coronæ, or The History of the Pleas of the Crown. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1811
    IR_Vol09_0202.jpg
  • Gymnotus (banded knifefish) is a genus of Neotropical freshwater fish in the family Gymnotidae found widely in South America, Central America and southern Mexico Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1811
    IR_Vol09_0168.jpg
  • Improved gunlocks Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1811
    IR_Vol09_0133.jpg
  • Gryllus is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is Gryllus campestris: the European field cricket. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1811
    IR_Vol09_0067.jpg
  • Sir Thomas Gresham the Elder (c. 1519 – 21 November 1579), was an English merchant and financier who acted on behalf of King Edward VI (1547–1553) and Edward's half-sisters, queens Mary I (1553–1558) and Elizabeth I (1558–1603). In 1565 Gresham founded the Royal Exchange in the City of London.  Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IX;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1811
    IR_Vol09_0032.jpg
  • Epaminondas (c. 418 BC – 362 BC) was a Greek general (strategos/Boeotarch) of Thebes and statesman of the 4th century BC who transformed the Ancient Greek city-state of Thebes, leading it out of Spartan subjugation into a pre-eminent position in Greek politics called the Theban Hegemony. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume VIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810.
    IR_Vol08_1071.jpg
  • Xenophon of Athens (c. 430 – 354 BC) was an Athenian-born military leader, philosopher, and historian. At the age of 30, Xenophon was elected a commander of one of the biggest Greek mercenary armies, the Ten Thousand, that marched on and came close to capturing Babylon in 401 BC. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume VIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810.
    IR_Vol08_1051.jpg
  • Pericles (c. 495 – 429 BC) was a Greek statesman and general of Athens during its golden age. Pericles was prominent and influential in Athenian politics, particularly between the Greco-Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian War, and was acclaimed by Thucydides, a contemporary historian, as "the first citizen of Athens".[1] He turned the Delian League into an Athenian empire and led his countrymen during the first two years of the Peloponnesian War. The period during which he led Athens, roughly from 461 to 429 BC, is sometimes known as the "Age of Pericles", but the period thus denoted can include times as early as the Persian Wars or as late as the following century. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume VIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810.
    IR_Vol08_1021.jpg
  • Solon (c.  630 – c.  560 BC) was an Athenian statesman, lawmaker and poet. He is remembered particularly for his efforts to legislate against political, economic and moral decline in archaic Athens.[2] His reforms failed in the short term, yet he is often credited with having laid the foundations for Athenian democracy.[3][4][5] He wrote poetry for pleasure, as patriotic propaganda, and in defence of his constitutional reform. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume VIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810.
    IR_Vol08_1015.jpg
  • Aristides (530–468 BC) was an ancient Athenian statesman. Nicknamed "the Just", he flourished in the early quarter of Athens' Classical period and is remembered for his generalship in the Persian War. The ancient historian Herodotus cited him as "the best and most honourable man in Athens", and he received similarly reverent treatment in Plato's Socratic dialogues. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume VIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810.
    IR_Vol08_1003.jpg
  • Leonidas I ("son of the lion"; died 19 September 480 BC) was a king of the Greek city-state of Sparta, and the 17th of the Agiad line, a dynasty which claimed descent from the mythological demigod Heracles and Cadmus. Leonidas I was son of King Anaxandridas II. He succeeded his half-brother King Cleomenes I to the throne in c. 489 BC. His co-ruler was King Leotychidas. He was succeeded by his son, King Pleistarchus. Leonidas had a notable participation in the Second Persian War, where he led the allied Greek forces to a last stand at the Battle of Thermopylae (480 BC) while attempting to defend the pass from the invading Persian army; he died at the battle and entered myth as the leader of the 300 Spartans. While the Greeks lost this battle, they were able to expel the Persian invaders in the following year. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume VIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810.
    IR_Vol08_0999.jpg
  • Miltiades (c. 550 – 489 BC), also known as Miltiades the Younger, was a Greek Athenian citizen known mostly for his role in the Battle of Marathon, as well as for his downfall afterwards. He was the son of Cimon Coalemos, a renowned Olympic chariot-racer, and the father of Cimon, the noted Athenian statesman. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume VIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810.
    IR_Vol08_0991.jpg
  • Lycurgus (fl. c. 820 BC) was the quasi-legendary lawgiver of Sparta who established the military-oriented reformation of Spartan society in accordance with the Oracle of Apollo at Delphi. All his reforms promoted the three Spartan virtues: equality (among citizens), military fitness, and austerity. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume VIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810.
    IR_Vol08_0971.jpg
  • Various types of Grass Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume VIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810.
    IR_Vol08_0924.jpg
  • Gracula the Myna [here as Grakle] Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume VIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810.
    IR_Vol08_0881.jpg
  • Theodoric (or Theoderic) the Great (454 – 30 August 526), also called Theodoric the Amal (Latin: Flāvius Theoderīcus, Greek: Theuderichos), was king of the Ostrogoths (471–526), and ruler of the independent Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy between 493–526, regent of the Visigoths (511–526), Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume VIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810.
    IR_Vol08_0851.jpg
  • Euric (also known as Evaric, or Eurico in Spanish and Portuguese (c. 420 – 28 December 484), son of Theodoric I, ruled as king (rex) of the Visigoths, after murdering his brother, Theodoric II,[2] from 466 until his death in 484. Sometimes he is called Euric II. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume VIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810.
    IR_Vol08_0843.jpg
  • Gorgonia flabellum, also known as the Venus fan Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume VIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810.
    IR_Vol08_0809.jpg
  • Gobius (Gobies), Gonium (Algae) and Gordius (worms) Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume VIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810.
    IR_Vol08_0751.jpg
  • 18th Century Map of Gloucestershire [Glocestershire] a county in South West England. The county comprises part of the Cotswold Hills, part of the flat fertile valley of the River Severn, and the entire Forest of Dean. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume VIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810.
    IR_Vol08_0729.jpg
  • Glareola (Australian pratincole), Galaucopis (Insect) and Gnaphalium (cudweeds). Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume VIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810.
    IR_Vol08_0697.jpg
  • Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain (Castile and Aragon) from 1516 to 1556, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506 to 1555. As he was head of the rising House of Habsburg during the first half of the 16th century, his dominions in Europe included the Holy Roman Empire, extending from Germany to northern Italy with direct rule over the Austrian hereditary lands and the Burgundian Low Countries, and a unified Spain with its southern Italian kingdoms of Naples, Sicily, and Sardinia. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume VIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810.
    IR_Vol08_0587.jpg
  • Otto I [Otho I] (23 November 912–7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great was East Francian king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume VIII;  Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810.
    IR_Vol08_0565.jpg
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